猪饲料排名 ，丹麦养猪成功经验和模式

丹育猪以高产著名于世，但由于猪场建设、饲养管理等诸多方面的挑战，让丹育猪在中国的生产性能未能达到预期，但丹育种猪在中国养猪业的受青睐程度仍越来越高。猪译馆特收集整理了一系列丹育相关资料，目前正在转载当时丹麦养猪研究中心制作的丹育《保育育肥猪管理指南》，敬请关注。

译者的话

保育育肥猪的精准饲喂和管理是丹育猪保持良好猪群健康和获得最大经济效益的前提。顺便推荐给学习专业英语的爱好者，这是不可多得的学习资料。这也是一份做猪场操作标准流程SOP的很好的资料。

5.保育猪的饮水

WATER FOR WEANERS

5.1 保育猪的饮水需要取决于饲料中干物质、蛋白质和盐分的含量，以及保育猪的采食量和周围环境的温度。

The Water Requirement Of Weaners Depends On The Feed’s Content Of Dry Matter, Protein and Salts, The Pigs’ Feed Intake And The Temperature Of Their Environment.

5.1.1 饮水槽

Drinking trough

一些猪可以同时饮水。水槽的设计必须让猪能够 方便的饮水。

Several pigs can drink at the same time. The design of the trough must match the pigs to provide easy access to the water.

5.1.2 饮水杯

Drinking bowl

每个饮水杯所供应的猪数量约15-30头 (取决于饮 水杯的类型)。水量：至少1升/分钟。

Pigs per bowl: 15-30 (depending on type). Water output of the valve in the drinking bowl: min. 1 litre per minute.

5.1.3 乳头式饮水器

Nipple drinkers

乳头式饮水器必须置于方便猪饮水的高度。

Place nipple drinkers in a height that makes it easy for the pigs to drink.

5.1.4 每个乳头式饮水器所供应的猪的头数

Pigs per nipple drinker

干料：最多10头猪，且每圈至少2个饮水器。

Dry feeding: max. 10 pigs. Always have min. 2 nipple drinkers per pen.

5.1.5 乳头式饮水器水流量

Output of nipple drinkers

保育猪：0.5-0.8升/分钟。不论何种类型的饮水器。

Weaners: 0.5-0.8 liter per minute regardless of the type of drinker.

5.1.6 饮水器水流量的检测

Check output

用一个量杯和秒表来测量。

Use a liter cup and stop watch.

5.1.7 清洁

Cleaning

最重要的是饮水器易于清洗，更换，调整和维护。

It is absolutely essential that the water supply is easy to clean, replace, adjust and maintain.

5.2 注意卫生

Pay Attention To Hygiene

■碗状的饮水杯很难保持清洁。

Cup-shaped drinking bowls can be di?cult to keep clean.

■饮水槽很难保持清洁。

Drinking troughs may be di?cult to keep clean.

5.3 补充说明—保育猪的饮水

Additional Comments – Water For Weaners

5.3.1 饮水槽通常置于排粪区域或活动区域，且靠近喂料器。不要将饮水槽置于角落，猪会在其内排便。也不要将饮水槽安装在靠近门的地方。饮水槽可以安装在圈栏的分隔墙上。如果同一圈舍中不止一个饮水槽，应该将饮水槽靠近安装。如果每个圈舍中有两个或更多的水槽，猪可能会只用一个，这样会导致其他的变脏。

Place drinking troughs in the dunging/activity areas close to the feeder. Do not place drinking troughs in a corner as the pigs will then defecate in them. Do not place drinking troughs close to a pen gate. The trough can be installed on a pen wall. If there is more than one trough in a pen, place them close to each other. If there are two drinking troughs or more per pen, the pigs will have a tendency to use only one,and, as a result, the other will become dirty.

5.3.2 饮水杯可以被几头猪同时使用，并且要适合猪， 便于使用杯内的乳头式饮水器。在丹麦市场上，可以买到几种不同类型的饮水杯。查看各个公司关于饮水杯的介绍并联系你的猪场顾问获得更多信息。

Drinking bowls can be used by several pigs at a time and must match the pigs to make it easy for them to use the nipple drinker in the bowl. In Denmark, several types of drinking bowls are available – study the instructions from each company and ask your pig advisor for more information.

5.3.3 例如可以，在同一圈舍中安装一些不同高度的乳头式饮水器。

One pen may have, for instance, several nipple drinkers ?xed in di?erent heights.

5.3.4 即使在只有很少几头猪的圈舍中，也至少安装2个乳头式饮水器，这样如果一个坏了，还有另外 一个可以用。此外，**较低的猪获得饮水的机会大大增加。

In pens with few pigs, always have minimum 2 nipple drinkers per pen so that the pigs are not dependent on the function of one nipple drinker. This will also increase the chances of a low-ranking pig of getting water.

5.3.5 如果乳头式饮水器水流量太小会导致猪饮水量低。

If the output of the nipple drinkers is too low, the pigs will not have a su?ciently high water intake.

由于供水管道系统中的压力损失等原因，会造成同一单元内水流量的很大不同。

The water output in a facility may vary greatly due to, for instance, pressure loss in the pipe system.

将猪转入栏位前，对该圈所有饮水器的水流量进 行测量。之后也要在有大量猪同时饮水和/或用 水量较大，比如高压水枪清洗、液态料制作系统 进水时进行测量。

Besides checking the output of the drinker before pigs are transferred to the facility, also check the output when many pigs are drinking and/or when water is being used for, for instance, high- pressure cleaning or intake of water to production of liquid feed.

5.3.6 用一个塑料袋或塑料容器收集饮水器15 秒流出的 水。将水倒入量杯中，读出水量。将结果乘以4， 就会得到相应一分钟的水流量。

Tap water from the valve into a plastic bag or a plastic container for 15 seconds. Pour the water into the litre cup and read the water level . Multiply the result by 4 to get the water output per minute.

5.3.7 空栏一段时间后，在猪开始使用饮水系统之前， 要对管道等设备进行冲洗。此外，要经常检查乳 头式饮水器是否正常，约每隔14 天要检查一遍圈 舍内的所有饮水器。

If the pipes etc . have been empty for a period of time, ?ush the pipe system before the pigs start using them. Also routinely check the function of the nipple drinkers so that all drinkers in a section have been tested over a period of 14 days.

对于饮水杯，无须使用任何工具来操作调节器和 那些用于清洁的倾倒功能很重要。但同时这些装 置不能被猪触发。

It is essential that adjustment and tipping devices for cleaning in drinking bowls are easy to operate without tools. Likewise, it must not be possible for the pigs to activate these devices.

6. 生 长 育 肥 猪 的 饮 水，饮 水 杯

WATER FOR FINISHERS, DRINKING BOWL

6.1 生长育肥猪的饮水需要取决于饲料中干物质、蛋白质和盐分的含量，以及生长育肥猪 的采食量以及周围环境的温度。

The Water Requirement Of Finishers Depends On The Feed’s Content Of Dry Matter, Protein And Salts, The Pigs’ Feed Intake And The Temperature Of Their Environment.

6.1 The Water Requirement Of Finishers Depends On The Feed’s Content Of Dry Matter, Protein And Salts, The Pigs’ Feed Intake And The Temperature Of Their Environment.

生长育肥猪的饮水需要取决于饲料中干物质、蛋白质和盐分的含量，以及生长育肥猪 的采食量以及周围环境的温度。

6.1.1 放置

Location

圈舍中饮水杯的正确位置取决于饲喂方式和圈栏 类型。一般将饮水杯安装在活动区域或排污区域。

The exact location of a drinking bowl in a pen depends on feeding principle and pen type. Generally, place the drinking bowl in the activity or

dunging areas.

6.1.2 每个饮水杯所供应的猪的头数

Pigs per drinking bowl

年轻的猪和生长育肥猪约15-30头

Growers and ?nishers: 15-30 pigs*

* 根据饮水杯的设计。

* Depends on design.

6.1.3 饮水杯的水流量

Output of drinking bowls

至少1升/分钟

Minimum 1 litter per minute

6.1.4 水流量的测量

Check output

用秒表和量杯。将水收集在袋子或量杯中测量。

Use a stop watch and litre cup. Collect the water in a bag / litre cup.

6.1.5 饮水杯的清洁

Cleaning of drinking bowls

需要对饮水杯进行清洁。每天至少检查一次卫生 状况。

Clean the drinking bowls when needed.Check hygiene minimum once a day.

6.2 请注意: Be Aware Of

■ 如果有两个或多个饮水杯，需要靠近安装， 间 隔约50厘米。最好可以将饮水杯和乳头式饮 水器一起使用。

■ If there are two or more drinking bowls in the same pen, they must be placed close to each other with a distance of 50 cm. Alternatively, combine drinking bowl with nipple drinkers.

6.3 补充说明-生长育肥猪的饮水，饮水杯

Additional Comments – Water For Finishers, Drinking Bowls

6.3.1 不要将饮水杯置于角落，猪会在其内排便，至少 距离角落1米。同样，也不能靠近圈门。饮水杯 应该采用抗咬材料制成，并易于清洁和维护。

Do not place drinking bowls in a corner as that will make the pigs defecate in them; instead place them minimum 1 meter from a corner. Likewise, do not place drinking bowls close to gates. Drinking bowls must be made of materials that can withstand the pigs biting in them and must be easy to clean and maintain.

6.3.2 饮水杯可以被几头猪同时使用，并且要适合猪， 易于触发杯内的水阀放水。在丹麦，可以买到几 种不同类型的饮水杯。查看各个公司关于饮水杯的介绍并联系猪场顾问获得更多信息。

Drinking bowls can be used by several pigs at a time and must match the pigs to make it is easy to activate the valve in the bowl. In Denmark, several types of drinking bowls are available – study the instructions from each company and ask your pig advisor for more information.

6.3.3 如果饮水杯的水流量太小会导致猪饮水量低。

If the output of the drinking bowls is too low, the pigs will not have a su?ciently high water intake.

由于供水管道系统中的压力损失等原因，会造成 同一圈舍内水流量的很大不同。

The water output in a facility may vary greatly due to, for instance, pressure loss in the pipe system.

将猪转入栏位前，对该圈所有饮水器的水流量进 行测量。之后也要在有大量猪同时饮水和/或用 水量较大，比如高压水枪清洗、液态料制作系统 进水时进行测量。

Besides checking the output of the drinker before pigs are transferred to the facility, also check the output when many pigs are drinking and/or when water is being used for, for instance, high- pressure cleaning or intake of water for liquid feeding.

6.3.4 用一个塑料袋或塑料容器收集饮水器15 秒流出的 水。将水倒入量杯中，读出水量。将结果乘以4， 就会得到相应一分钟的水流量。

Tap water from the valve into a plastic bag or a plastic container for 15 seconds. Pour the water into the litre cup and read the water level. Multiply the result by 4 to get the water output per minute.

6.3.5 底部有少量盛水的碗状饮水杯使猪更易使用，并 且碗状饮水杯也易于检查，但坏处是猪可轻易的 在其内排粪。对于该类饮水杯，要特别注意日常卫生，可能一天需要清理多次。

Cup-shaped drinking bowls with a clear water surface make it easy for the pigs to use the drinker and are also easy to inspect, but, unfortunately, it is also easy for the pigs to defecate in them. With these types of drinking bowls, pay special attention to the daily hygiene, and it may be necessary to clean them several times a day.

空栏一段时间后，在猪开始使用饮水系统之前， 要对管道和饮水杯等设备进行冲洗。

If the pipes and drinking bowls have been empty for a period of time, ?ush the system before the pigs start using them.